The foundational text · இலக்கணம்
Early classical; date debatedGrammar and poetics, and the conventions of Tamil life and literature.
- தொல்காப்பியம்Tolkappiyam✍ தொல்காப்பியர் (Tolkappiyar)
தமிழ் இலக்கியம்

Part 1
The oldest Tamil grammar, and the Sangam poems of love and of public life. Each collection holds many short poems.
Grammar and poetics, and the conventions of Tamil life and literature.
Part of சங்க இலக்கியம் (பதினெண்மேற்கணக்கு) · Sangam literature, the Eighteen Major Works
Poems of love and relationships (akam), and of public life, generosity, war and ethics (puram).
Among the poets: Kapilar, Paranar, Nakkeerar and the Avvaiyar of the Sangam age.
The akam poems are set in the five landscapes: see ஐந்திணை →
Part of சங்க இலக்கியம் (பதினெண்மேற்கணக்கு) · Sangam literature, the Eighteen Major Works
Ten long poems about landscapes, cities, rulers, travel and devotion.
Part 2
Eighteen shorter classical works, mostly on ethics, with some on love and one on war. Most are treated as post-Sangam.
Wisdom on right living, in short verses; five of the eighteen are love poems set in the five landscapes.
Part 3
The five great epics and the five lesser epics. Two of the great epics survive only in fragments and quotations.
Long narrative poems: Kannagi’s story, the Buddhist nun Manimekalai, the Jain hero Seevakan, and two works now lost.
Shorter narrative poems, most of them from the Jain tradition.
Part 4
Hymns of the Saiva Nayanmars and the Vaishnava Azhvars, songs to Murugan, and the Islamic and Christian epics in Tamil.
The twelve-part Saiva canon: hymns of the Nayanmars, devotion and philosophy, and the lives of the saints.
Rhythmic hymns to Murugan, still sung in homes and temples.
Tamil epics from the Islamic and Christian traditions.
Part 5
Great retellings of the epics and puranas, and poems in the distinct medieval forms: பரணி, உலா, பிள்ளைத்தமிழ், குறவஞ்சி, கோவை, பள்ளு, அந்தாதி.
The Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Saiva puranas, told in Tamil verse.
Shorter works named after their form: a war poem (parani), a hill-woman’s song (kuravanji), a farmers’ song (pallu), a linked-verse hymn (anthathi).
Other great poets of these centuries: தாயுமானவர் (Thayumanavar), குமரகுருபரர் (Kumaraguruparar), காளமேகம் (Kalamegam (15th century)), சிவப்பிரகாசர் (Sivaprakasar)
Part 6
Short verses of wisdom that Tamil children still learn by heart.
One-line and four-line sayings on kindness, learning and good conduct.
The name Avvaiyar belongs to more than one poet across different periods, so these works are traditionally associated with Avvaiyar rather than the certain work of one person.
Part 7
From Bharathiyar and Bharathidasan to Kalki’s historical novels, the short story, and the Dalit and feminist voices of today.
The two poets who gave modern Tamil poetry its voice.
Adventures in the courts of the Cholas, Pallavas and Pandyas.
The writers who shaped the modern Tamil short story and novel.
Sujatha’s science fiction and detective stories, and two leading women writers.
Writing from lives long left out of Tamil literature.
Ambitious novels, among them one of the longest ever written in any language.
This modern selection mixes enduring classics with influential contemporary writing. It is a curated list, not a popularity ranking.
Dates and authorship of many older works are approximate and debated by scholars. This is a starter catalogue of popular and widely taught works, not a complete record of Tamil literature.